A Beautiful Mind - Summary of the Movie Essay Example for Free

A Beautiful Mind Summary of the Movie Essay A Beautiful Mind (Total Points for assignment = 40) For this assignment, you will watch the movie A Beautiful Mind. Your textbook has a brief summary of the movie and compares the movie to what is known about John Nash’s life. I have also provided you with supplemental information on Schizophrenia in the powerpoint that is attached to this assignment. Using this checklist, provide evidence of the criteria with examples of Nash’s behavior. For example, under Dysfunction, give me examples of things that Nash did that are indications of his dysfunction. He was unable to continue teaching, etc. Using this same document, you can add the text under each symptom. Please italicize your text in order to make it easier for me to grade. Finally, at the end of the document, I want you to determine (using the powerpoint information) whether you think Nash’s Schizophrenia could be categorized as Paranoid Type, Disorganized Type, Catatonic Type, or Undifferentiated Type, or Residual Type. Explain how you made that choice. The DSM-IV criteria for Schizophrenia are as follows: †¢ Symptoms. Two or more of the following symptoms that have lasted for a substantial part of at least one month (or less, is effectively treated with medication) For at least six continuous months, the patient has shown some evidence of the disorder. At least one much must include the symptoms of frank psychosis mentioned above. Mood disorders with psychotic features and Schizoaffective Disorder have been ruled out, because the duration of any depressive or manic episodes that have occurred during the psychotic phase has been brief. †¢ Other Exclusions. This disorder is not directly caused by a general medical condition or the use of substances, including prescription medications. †¢ Developmental Disorder Exclusion. If the patient has a history of any pervasive developmental disorder (such as Autistic Disorder), Schizophrenia is diagnosed only if prominent hallucination or delusions are also present for a month or more (less, if treated). Hallucations are present for more than a month as is evident that John has a roommate and a boss. John is a paranoid schizophrenia. He is preoccupied with his delusions and hallucinations as he avoids everyone and becomes wrapped up his math work and his â€Å"work† with the government. While he does show a flat effect and disorganized behavior none are prominent. He is so wrapped up his what he thinks is real he neglects his work, family, social life and anything that is actually real and not part of his delusions.

acid rain :: Free Essay Writer

Impacts of Acid Rain Air Pollution Creates Acid Rain Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some instances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry deposited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happen s, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. Prevailing winds transport the compounds, sometimes hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Mobile sources (transportation) also contribute significantly to NOx emissions. Overall, over 20 million tons of SO2 and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere each year. Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above 2,000 feet in elevation). In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SO2 and NOx gases and their particulate matter derivatives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and impact public health. Acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water, that is, those that rest atop soil with a limited ability to neutralize acidic compounds (called "buffering capacity"). Many lakes and streams examined in a National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) suffer from chronic acidity, a condition in which water has a constant low pH level. In some sensitive lakes and streams, acidification has completely eradicated fish species, such as the brook trout, leaving these bodies of water barren.

Week Assgn

Mixed Methods Lori Hudson Walden University Mixed methods research is combined with qualitative and quantitative research methods which consist Of the quality and emphasize measurement and variables (Dentin & Lincoln, 2003). In this paper, I will provide information about mixed methods and what type of designs, timing, and data collection that was used by Tortes. I will also discuss the theoretical lens that will be used in the study. Will also discuss the data analysis, which will deliver bendable information and the rationale as to why mixed methods were used in this particular article.Design Using the mixed methods research article by Tortes provided in the Learning Resources, briefly describe the type of design and the timing of the data collection. Theoretical Lens Briefly describe the theoretical lens that underlies the study. Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Data Analysis Briefly describe the data analysis procedures used in the study. Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Rationale for Mixed Methods Explain the rationale for using the mixed method design in this study.Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Conclusion Your conclusion section should recap the major points you have made in your work. However, perhaps more importantly, you should interpret what you have written and what the bigger picture is. Remember your paper should be 2 – 3 pages not counting your title page and reference page. Please do not exceed three pages of content. Save your Application as a â€Å". Doc† or â€Å". RTF† file tit the filename APP+your first initial+last name.For example, Sally Ride's assignment filename would be â€Å"Appeasers†. Use the â€Å"Submit an Assignment† link, choose the Week 9: Application basket, and then add your Application as an attachment. References Always include references. Be sure every reference is in PAP format with a hanging indent. Also, every citatio n should have a reference and vice versa. Use the PAP manual, the Citation Guide or some source to verify your format. PAP is very specific about punctuation and how elements Of the reference are presented.

The Film Shawshank Redemption We Learn About A Man Who Is...

In the film Shawshank Redemption we learn about a man who is an educated, professional banker by trade, who finds himself in a situation in which he chooses to secretly follow his beautiful wife knowing she is having an affair with the golf pro who works at their country club. One evening, Andy, the banker, decides to bring a gun along with him as he follows his wife and the golf pro. He stops at a couple of bars and proceeds to become inebriated. Andy is clearly a man whom by all means would be considered a respectable person in society and follows the particular norms of that time until he begins to make choices to differentiate himself from the folkways and mores of any expectations regarding the laws that had been established for the purpose of structure, order and conformity. By all accounts we see Andy s character reflecting certain choices of conformity in which he clearly represents behavior and appearance that follows and maintains a particular standard and acceptance of a group. As we learn further in the story we must also consider the factors of behavior that reflects deviance. This behavior challenges the norms. Andy has been convicted of violating the norms of everyday life by murdering his wife and her lover and he is arrested for the murder. Although in Andy s court preceding he pled innocence and expressed to the judge that he had not murdered his wife and her lover, maintaining the story that he had sobered himself up and thenShow MoreRelatedThe Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1910 Words   |  8 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption is an American film written and directed by Frank Darabont. It was filmed the United States—specifically Maine—but the Ohio State Reformatory was set as the fictional Shawshank Prison and in 1994, Castle Rock Entertainment produced the film. Overview and Relevance The general perspective of the film is portrayed through the lives and stories of many of the prisoners of Shawshank. So the general perspective is of different prisoners of different backgrounds, who committedRead MoreShawshank Redemption Analysis1749 Words   |  7 PagesShawshank Redemption is one of the best masterpieces’ in the genre of crime. Its portrayal of life in prisons is very intriguing. The main character in the film Andy has been convicted of murder and sent in to Shawshank State Penitentiary. There in the prison Andy befriends Red who constantly fails at getting paroled. Andy is abused by other inmates as well as prison Warden. At the end, Andy escapes using his knowledge from books and attains freedom. This film is not just notable in the world ofRead MoreEssay on The Shawshank Redemption2049 Words   |  9 Pages The Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is a film based on a book by Stephen King set in an American prison starting in 1947. The film looks at the lives of the two main characters Andy Dufresne and Ellis Redding, their existence within the harsh prison system and their unlikely friendship. In this piece I will explain how these two central characters are represented in the film and how the director Frank Darabont is able to use different techniques of filmRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages(alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management. 3. Risk management. I. Gray, Clifford F. II. Gray, Clifford F. Project management. III. Title. HD69.P75G72 2011 658.4904—dc22 2009054318 www.mhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He teaches executive, graduate, and undergraduate courses on project management, organizational behavior, and leadership

The Causes and Effects of Yoga On Todays Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1149 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/04 Category Sports Essay Type Cause and effect essay Level High school Tags: Yoga Essay Did you like this example? Recently in the past couple of years beginning in 2012 according to researchers, an increase in practicing yoga and meditation in not only adults but in children as well has increased. More kids are beginning to learn about yoga, and for them its beginning to become a new form of exercise and more schools are beginning to open it up to them as well. Many more yoga studios are beginning to open up and the new clothing trend is seeming to be active yoga wear. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Causes and Effects of Yoga On Todays Society" essay for you Create order For example lets take a well known yoga brand Lululemon, in recent years statistics have shown their sales have skyrocketed not to mention other well known active wear such as Nike and many more brands that sell yoga attire. Also in many recent commercials that have dealt with anything fitness related you may have come across yoga as a scene in the background, or somehow to whatever is being advertised on tv. Yoga is a type of exercise used to release energy in a peaceful way, but recently over these few years the number of people practicing this technique has increased due to the many benefits it offers such as improving cardiovascular health, sleep cycles and much more, which most likely has been the reason for so many studios to start opening up and for active wear sales to increase. According to an article written about yoga it stated, The 2012 study indicates that 8.7 percent of U.S. adults, or 20.4 million people, practice yoga. Of current non-practitioners, 44.4 percent of Americans call themselves aspirational yogis. (YJ editors) Recently more yoga studios are beginning to open up and more gyms are starting to add studios within their area for classes they offer as well. As I mentioned before fitness seems to be the trend in todays society and since more people have been at the gyms lately, they may see others practicing yoga which may cause them to want to try it out. This also relates to what I talked about in my introduction about the clothing trend. More yoga attire is beginning to sell a lot faster because people are seeming to, either do yoga on a daily basis or they are just purchasing the clothes because its what everyone is wearing these days. Not to mention this is doing very well for many of the sportswear companies such as Nike, Under Armour, L uLuLemon because all of there sales have began to increase drastically. According to an article from Forbes, The sport leisure style has become the largest category in the U.S. sneaker space, beating performance-oriented footwear, according to a study released this week by market research firm NPD Group. In sharp contrast, while demand for sport leisure styles surged 17% last year to $9.6 billion in sales, sales of performance apparel tumbled 10% to $7.4 billion, NPD said, adding the performance categories decline has accelerated the last two years. (Cheng) Practicing yoga techniques has shown to improve cardiovascular health by lowering your blood pressure, and increasing blood flow throughout the body especially to the heart. Yoga, like I explained earlier is a way for the body to let out energy in a way thats not so vigorous. Youre probably wondering, how yoga can improve your cardiovascular health? Well it turns out it actually is better than the normal cardio workouts many people do such as running, treadmills, and many more hardcore workouts. Reducing stress is a way to keep your heart healthy. Dr. Carrie Demers who is an integrative medicine physician said in an interview, I think stress reduction is a big piece of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. (Demers) Although doing the usual cardio workouts alo helps it only has shown to help strengthen the heart or to make it stronger. Yoga is now proven to improve peoples blood pressure and surprisingly has led to weight loss as well. When youre chronically stressed, your blood pres sure goes up. Your cholesterol goes up because of the increase in cortisol. If we simply breathe, stretch, and relax- that is do yoga- we decrease our risk of heart disease. (Dr. Demer) Although all of this is true it doesnt mean we should just forget about the normal cardio workouts and focus only on yoga. It is still important to go on a walk or run every now and then just to keep the heart strong. Taking a deep breath once in awhile is a way of practicing yoga because your allowing for the oxygen to flow sufficiently. Though more research is needed when it comes to answering the why, how, and What kind of yoga? questions, these initial findings are promising. (Heagberg) Another great benefit of yoga is that it has been proven to help with sleep and in some cases insomnia.You may not actually realize it, but sleep is the most important thing for the human body its a time for everything to be at rest. Although not every night is going to be a good nights rest, we often encounter sleep deprivation and disturbances throughout the night which is totally normal. On the other hand though too many disturbances or creating a pattern of sleep deprivation is not good for the body. A mere week of unrest or sleep deprivation can cause severe changes in mood: depression, decreases in emotional regulation, and obvious depletion. It seems that a good nights rest can also enhance the positive feelings and states of being that we cultivate through yoga practice. Theres really something to the idea of sleeping off difficult experiences. (LoRusso) By practicing yoga in a mediation way it allows your mind to come to peaceful state of mind. For example, simply sitting do wn in a quiet area and taking deep breaths and allowing your mind to come to an ease is a form of meditation yoga, which will allow for our minds to be calm at night when sleeping. If youre not up for practicing a full routine of yoga poses, you can also try practising mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness meditation involves learning to accept your thoughts, emotions, and feelings and relies on you to develop an awareness of the sensations youre experiencing in the present, which can be hugely relaxing. Whilst mindfulness is great for unwinding your mind, it doesnt tire out your body. Combining both physical fatigue and mental relaxation is one of the main reasons yoga improves sleep. (Sonno) From what I have researched along the way I have come to a conclusion that the number of people practicing yoga is increasing rapidly due to not only the facts that yoga offers a wide range of health benefits but, also because many people like to do what others do. For example, what I mean by follow was that whatever the trend or current obsession is at the moment people like to do or have whatever that certain thing is. In this case the trend would be practicing yoga.

The Color Purple Essay - 1061 Words

In Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, Celie leads a life filled with abuse at the hands of the most important men in her life. As result of the women who surround and help her, Celie becomes stronger and overcomes the abuse she experienced. The three most influential women in Celie’s life are her sister Nettie, her daughter-in-law Sofia, and the singer Shug Avery. These are the women who lead Celie out of her shell and help her turn from a shy, withdrawn woman to someone who was free to speak her mind and lead her own independent life. Celie is inspired by her sister’s independence, determination and perseverance in Africa among foreign people whom Nettie cares about deeply. Celie saw the impact that a woman could have on others and felt†¦show more content†¦Shug Avery is someone Celie admired from a young age. Shug’s exuberance and charm with people are qualities Celie never dreamed of having herself until Shug walks into her life and Celie does mo re with her life by actually overcoming the abuse and becomes someone more. â€Å"I ast her to give me the picture. An all night long I stare at it. An now when I dream, I dream of Shug Avery.† (Walker 7). Shug comes into Celie’s life as her husband’s mistress who was very ill but not lacking in character. She treats Celie with disrespect at first, but after living with her for some time and being nursed back to health by her Shug gains a respect for her. She teaches Celie how to speak for herself and to defend herself against Mr. Shug is the one who helps Celie escape by taking her on her tour where Celie learns how to expertly sew pants. This is another major step towards independence because Celie is no longer financially dependent on anyone but herself because she creates a successful business by making pants. Upon her return to her home, she inherits her father’s home thereby completely separating her from the men who held control over her. She can now receive her sister’s letters and make her own money. The people who love her surround her and her personality develops unhindered by abuse. Celie’s idol came through to set her free and now idolizes her to an extent. After Celie’s new independence, herShow MoreRelatedCritical Essay on the Color Purple1343 Words   |  6 PagesWalker’s Purple is Not Just a Color Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple demonstrates how the mistreatment of a woman cannot prevent her from fulfilling her destiny. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Celie, is a young, uneducated black girl who is verbally and sexually abused by her supposed father, Alphonso. He fathers two children with her, kidnapping both and presumably killing one, if not both. Because of the unwarranted trauma, she struggles for the rest of her lifeRead MoreEssay The Color Purple876 Words   |  4 Pages The Color Purple by Alice Walker is a very controversial novel, which many people found to be very offensive. It is basically the struggle for one woman’s independence. The main character in The Color Purple is Celie a coloured woman with little or no education at all. She is one who has been used and abused by all the men in her life, and because of these men, she has very little courage or ambition in her life. She has so little courage, that all she wants to do is just survive. Through the variousRead More the color purple Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pages There are many racial components in this novel that are easy to point out. These take place in the American South and also in Africa. It starts with the way that all the black men and women are treated at the start of the book. The main character’s real father was a successful store owner who was black. This man was hanged for a reason that is known only as him being a successful black man. All the characters that w e are introduced to in this book by Celie are exploited by the fact that they areRead MoreEssay on The Color Purple2329 Words   |  10 PagesThe Color Purple BSHS 422 May 7, 2012 Erik Holmgren The Color Purple Human service specialists need to be proficient in different cultures. By being aware of how different cultures think and react it allows for the delivery of services to be accurate. Cultural competency is described as. â€Å"The understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, practices, and communication patterns attributable to a variety of factors (such as race, ethnicity, religion, SES, historical and social contextRead MoreEssay on Color Purple1320 Words   |  6 Pagesthird novel, The Color Purple. These aspects had a lasting impression upon ideals and beliefs of the time period. Her writing’s helped to break the racial tension and barrier that was present in some people’s minds. One of the ways that the barrier was eliminated was through her depiction of an imperfect black person. If a white person were to write about an imperfect black person it would be considered racist. â€Å" I think the most chilling thing to me about the response to The Color P urple was that peopleRead MoreThe Color Purple Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of three messages from The Color Purple â€Å"It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are† Some people cant wait to grow up, whereas others want to hold onto the past and not see what is to come. Those people that hold onto the past or live in the past dont know how to move on. An author by the name Alice Walker(b. 1944) a woman that believed she could do a lot. Alice Walker wrote a book and it was also turned into a movie but a man stated, â€Å"the book — about the abuse andRead MoreThe Color Purple Theme Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesBeasley, Taliah Mr. Neill Language Arts 11 December 2017 The Color Purple In The Color Purple, there were several themes such as Violence, Sexuality, Power, God or Spiritually. Power is a key role in this novel. Walker focuses throughout the novel that the ability to express someone’s thoughts and feelings is critical to developing a sense of self. Initially, Celie is truly unable to resist those who abuse her. Remembering Alphonso’s warning thatRead MoreEssay Sisters in The Color Purple777 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Color Purple, written by Alice Walker, Celies life was falling apart. Due to her step-fathers actions, she became pregnant and then quickly had her children whisked away from her. She was sent away to marry a man she didnt know, and experienced more hardships than many could even attempt to fathom. Thankfully, she had her dear sister, Nettie, to think of and lean on both mentally and emotionally even when she wasnt able to be with her physically. In the beginning, the girls motherRead More the color purple Essay examples1243 Words   |  5 Pages Color of Purple is a Novel by Alice Walker, published in 1982. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983. A feminist novel about an abused and uneducated black womans struggle for empowerment, the novel was praised for the depth of its female characters and for its eloquent use of black English vernacular. African-American people have had to climb over many obstacles to get to their position today. First, was the selling of their people into slavery. Then, they endured slavery itself, being treated likeRead More Summary of The Color Purple Essay2651 Words   |  11 Pages Alice Walkers The Color Purple is a touching story of one African American womans journey through abuse and oppression to finding her own voice and self-worth as well as definite place in the world around her. The novel is written in an epistolary format and has a very confessional and emotionally raw tone. Through using this format, Walker has more freedom to weave an impressive network of heartfelt themes and colorful characters, in addition to displaying her talents for delivering to

Curriculum changes and development free essay sample

This chapter describes how the curriculum for Basic Education evolved from 1973 to 2010. It describes the changes and innovations implemented as necessitated by the changing factors in our country’s political, social, economic, cultural and technological environments. The discussions include an analysis of the processes and outcomes in accordance with the prevailing national development agenda. It also presents some best practices and lessons learned. Curriculum Changes and Innovations â€Å"Curriculum is a potent tool for reform when it integrates and interrelates subjects and disciplines in a manner that makes learning experiences meaningful† William Malloy, â€Å"Essential Schools and Inclusion: A Responsive Partnership† in The Educational Forum(1996) Anyone wanting to build must have a plan. Just as an architect always carries along him a blueprint of his house plan, so does a national leader every so often checks if the curriculum reflects the country’s national development aspirations. The curriculum and its implementation in every classroom could be the main reasons for poor education quality. A host of related problems can be said to explain these critical findings, but issues of competence and commitment of every teachers and school head in imparting the curriculum and in equally assuming the responsibility over the student’s outcomes become apparent. This brings to the fore how crucial curriculum planning and development are as the vehicle for developing a national framework to achieve the objectives of attaining quality education as enshrined in the Philippines constitutions of 1973 and 1987. The goal of Education through the curriculum has always been to mold an ideal Filipino who is healthy, responsible, morally upright, capable of learning and relearning, economically productive, hard-working, adaptable to local and international environment, and steadfast in his faith. Translating these quality in operational term 1. Preschool Education Grade K) Sense of God, self and other Starting to imbibe what is good from what is bad Basic etiquettes for dining, playing, hygiene and sharing Distinguish shapes, colours, letters and numbers Readiness for formal elementary education 2. Elementary Level (grades 1 to 6) Sense of God, self, family and community Identify good from bad Understands the virtues of giving and sharing Curious about things Can think and communicates Proud as a Filipino and takes pride in what they do 3. Secondary Level (Grades 7 to 12) Has moral integrity and willingness to engage in hard work Better appreciation of God and self as well as care and concern for others Can create and believe in own ability, including ways to inspire and motivate others Can participate in team effort and appreciates every team member’s contribution Appreciates music, culture and arts Can protect and conserve the environment Understands the need to develop further own capabilities and potentials and strive for excellence Understands the situation of the Philippines and commits to help for its betterment DepEd has always endeavoured to produce a â€Å"Filipino learners who is empowered for lifelong learning, an active maker of meaning and can learn whatever he or she needs to know in any context. Such an empowered learner is competent in learning how to learn and has life skills so that he or she becomes a self- developed person who is makabayan (patriotic), makatao (Mindful of Humanities), maka-kalikasan (respectful of nature) and maka-Diyos (God-centered). To attain this, curriculum design and implementation by DepEd should now consider the desired outcomes and ultimately develop responsible citizens, future leaders and professionals, most especially teachers. Curriculum planners and developers understand their ultimate responsibility to plant the seeds of knowledge and information in the minds and hearts of the next generation. While addressing the students’ differential learning abilities, they lsos aim to integrate urgent societal needs demands and issues such as differences in ethnicity, culuture, creed and language. Once the foundations are laid, curriculum developers and planners should introduce innovations that prepare the students for the future. BASES OF CURRICULUM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRY 1. Preschool Education Readiness for formal education 2. Elementary Education provide the knowledge and develop the skills, attitudes, and values essential for personal development, a productive life and constructive engagement within a changing social milieu: Provide learning experiences that increase the child’s awareness of and responsiveness to the demands of society. Promote and intensify awareness of, identification with, and love for our nation and the community to which the learners belongs Promotes experiences that develop the learner’s orientation to the world of work and prepare the learners to engage in honest and gainful work. 3. Secondary Education Continue the general education started in the elementary; Prepares the learners for college; Prepare the learners for the world of work. 4. Non- formal Education Eradicate illiteracy and raise the level of functional literacy of the population Provide an alternative means of learning and certification for out-of-school youth and adults. Develop among the learners the proper values, attitudes and knowledge to enable them to think critically and act creatively for personal, community and national These objectives must be satisfied by the country’s educational system via the curriculum; moreover, educational systems in the world have emphasized functional literacy. This is officially defined as the range of skills and competencies- cognitive, affective and behavioural PRESCHOOL CURRICULUM The critical years in a child’s life are from birth to six years of age. Then DECS Secretary Lourdes Quisumbing issued in 1989 DECS Order 107, which states: During these critical years, basic character, values, abilities, personality, skills, aptitude, attitudes and knowledge are formed. These qualities when properly developed shape the individual’s overall perspective and preparedness for life. It has been confirmed by studies that the experiences and the learning that preschool children undergo during the first six years of their life have a lasting effect on their intellectual development as well as on the development of their social and physical skills. Preschool programs serve a range of purposes. Recognizing this, the MEC- Bureau of Public Schools issued Memorandum 25, series of 1971, encouraging the school divisions to establish public preschool classes, whenever possible. This policy was issued even before the passage of educational Act of 1982 and the promulgation of the first EFA Philippines Plan of Action 1991-2000 which identified Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD), covering ages 0-6 years, as one of its crucial components. As a general guide, DepEd has been prescribing policies to improve preschool education, from the time of Florencio Abad to Mona Valismo. In 2005, President Arroyo mandated universal coverage of five-year-old children for preschool education and directed DepEd to develop the curriculum standards and framework, and to spearhead the training of teachers and day care center workers on these curriculum standards. As part of the government’s commitment to the world EFA movement, there have been several proposed bills to institutionalized and make preschool part of the basic education ladder. The last of which (house Bill 5367) was passed in Congress which constituted a consolidation of ten proposals. One of the outstanding features of the said bill is the provision of free preschool education to all five-year-old children and making this compulsory on the third year of its implementation. Basic Educational Curriculum Revised Elementary and Secondary Curriculum (1973) From 1965 to 1975, the revised Elementary Education Program aimed to develop the spiritual, moral and physical aspects of children by providing them with experiences in the democratic way of life and inculcating ideals and attitudes necessary for patriotic, upright and useful citizenship Under Marcos’s New Society, education underwent a dramatic transformation. The reform initiative was contained in the development plan towards the utilization of human potential to serve national purposes. The Education Department undertook a bold step in the overall restructuring of the curriculum in all levels guided by the following assumptions: 1. If the students can see relationship between what they are being asked to learn in school and the world of occupations they will be motivated to learn more in school. 2. No single learning strategy exists that is ideal for all learners. 3. Basic academic skills, a personally meaningful set of work values, and good work habits represent adaptability tools needed by all who choose to work in today’s emerging complex society. National Elementary School Curriculum (1983) The NESC covered the general education of the child- as a human person, as a citizen, and as a productive agent. It had a fewer learning areas to emphasize mastery learning. More time was allotted to the development of basic skill, specifically the 3Rs in the lower grades. There was greater emphasis on the development of a sense of humanity and nationhood in all learning areas. NESC Time allotment (minutes per week) New Secondary Education Curriculum (1986-1992) To improve the quality of secondary education and to respond to the findings of studies on Philippine education, Bureau of Secondary Education developed the National Secondary Curriculum (NSEC). Values Education; Araling Panlipunan; Filipino; Science and Technology; English; Physical Education; Health and Music; Mathematics; and Technology and Home economics. Furthering Values Education in the NESC and NSEC (1986-1998) 1. The objective of values education was to produce persons with a balanced well-being who will join the country’s human resource. 2. At the tertiary level, universities and colleges followed suit through their social science subjects and courses while teacher education institutes adjusted their pre-service teacher education programs to meet this directive. Basic Education Curriculum (2000-2002) 1. It was under President Arroyo that the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum was crafted based on the report of the Committee on Curriculum Reform under Br. Andrew Gonzales and continued by Raul Roco. 2. Moreover, the four Pillars of Education by UNESCO’s Jacques Delors (1996 : 22-24) also influenced the restructuring of the curriculum. The third and fourth pillars, Iearning to live together and learning to be, which emphasize the use of knowledge gained to improved one’s self and one’s relationship with others, were perceived as very relevant and thus highlighted in the BEC. Structure of the BEC Filipino, English, Science, Mathematics and Makabayan. Connect related subjects from the different learning areas; Increase the time allotted for science, english and mathematics; Create multifaceted basic education teachers; Reduce congestion of subjects offered in basic education Reduce the hiring of teachers if one is able to teach different learning areas (particularly in the elementary level); Improve the positive outlook towards work to increase productivity; Increase each individual’s ability to cope in a fast-changing world; Increase the importance of the arts, music, sports, dance and other aspects of Philippine culture; and Develop nationalism among the Filipinos and increase individual responsibility as a citizen. Elementary Level Sibika at Kultura (SK) (I-III)/ Heograpiya, Kasaysayan, Sibika (HKS) (IV-VI) Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan (MSEP) integrated in Grade I-III; separate subjects in Grade IV-VI Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) (IV-VI) Edukasyong Pagpapakatao (EP); separate subjects from Grade I- VI Secondary Level Araling Panlipunan Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan at pangkalusugan Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum The 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (SEC) was implemented in June 2010. Prior to its implementation, DepEd undertook a monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the 2002 BEC involving case studies of 20 schools, coming from the following typologies of High Schools: general high schools funded fully by the national government; newly established high school funded jointly by the national, provincial, and municipal government; science high schools; private high schools; technical-vocational high schools. Summarizing Commonalities of the Past and Current Curricula 1. Emphasis on Major Learning Areas: Science Mathematics Language 2. Socio-Cultural Learning Areas: Citizenship Social Studies History (heritage) religion 3. Cross-cutting Areas Poverty Alleviation Equity/ Inclusive Education Gender mainstreaming Quality from the perspective of EFA Human Rights Other 4. Recognition and Growing Emphasis on New Learning Areas: ICT as a learning area and as a tool for learning Technical- Vocational Education Comprehensive Health Promotion and Care Education for Sustainable Development Climate Change Disaster preparedness Skills